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| Founder, Mina, who called the two countries united |
The history of Egypt in her appearance as a regular has its own political and establishing the first government order where and what is believed to be the first government set up of this kind was established in the century around 30 BC Before that Egypt was was divided into independent tribes under the authority of several classes of priests said to them, the language of Egypt old " Horchasso" and were the last of the reign of the Egyptians before the first State Property, which was the first kings "Mena or Mna," who was reputed as the first set in the Nile Valley, and his orderly government began recording history in Egypt
The first capital of Egypt
He founded a new city on the western shore of the Nile place village "Miit Rahina" by the current in Giza Governorate, was initially castle warfare is surrounded by a fence white, wanted by the owner that fortifies and protects the kingdom from the raids of the owners of the North, was "Mina" has called it "Nefr" mean the beautiful harbor, and later named "Memphis" the time of Greece, and then he called the Arabs, "Memphis", has become capital of the whole of Egypt in the era of the Old Kingdom until the end of the Sixth Dynasty
But Mr. Ahmed Fakhry says in his book: "Ancient Egypt A brief history of Egypt since ancient times to the year 332 BC. M - Library of Anglo-Egyptian 2004, p. 63: that the kings of the first family has taken its capital in the vicinity of that place (; It tombs at Abydos ) and the ancient capital (Nakhn) (Kom Red north of Edfu) became the religious capital only, and the new capital in the vicinity of Abydos, called the "Thany" and should not be a place away from the cemetery property, but we do not know on the face of the investigation so far .
As for Memphis, he said Mr. Ahmed Fakhry: "that: the kings of these two families were living from time to time in the north in the city was called" The White Castle, and the rates of historians created, after the king of us by a fat later, "Memphis"
There are three opinions on the place of this capital is now the first: thought by some archaeologists as the village of mud in the vicinity of Pardis But this view is not anathema to the archeologists and the second opinion is what the learners that the place must be a village Albraia now Darress Receuil des Trav XVI (1894) p. 124 and place but for a relatively long Albraia Abydos and it does not find the important implications to prove that it was the capital in time and, thirdly, according to some historians, it is close to the current city Jirga.
